Professor Umber Hanlon

Pioneer in Architectural Education

[Preview]

Nationwide Hub-and-Spoke in the Architecture and Parallel Professional Licensing Markets

Professor Umber Hanlon

Coming December 2026

A. Architecture and Parallel Professional Licensing Markets

Table 1.A.1Architecture and Parallel Discipline Markets
StreamTierMarket titleAnnual market size
UpstreamTier 1Professional Credentialing Criteria¹$55,000
UpstreamTier 2Higher Education Accreditation²$1,119,787
UpstreamTier 3Higher Education Institutions⁴$1,740,066,339
MidstreamTier 4Candidate Database³$70,000
MidstreamTier 5Licensing Exam Authoring¹bundled with Tier 1
MidstreamTier 6Licensing Exam Preparation$140,724,000
MidstreamTier 7Licensing Exam Delivery⁴$11,596,459
DownstreamTier 8Continuing Education⁴$19,545,000
DownstreamTier 9Public Contracting Eligibility and Reciprocity⁴$10,830,000
DownstreamTier 10Model Building Codes Authoring & Model Codes Digital Delivery$100,535,000
Architecture (All Tiers)17,747 candidates$2,024,541,585
Engineering (All Tiers)110,000 candidates
Building Officials & Inspectors (Tier 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10)40,000 candidates
Construction Management (All Tiers | 70% for Tier 3)10,000 candidates
Interior Design (All Tiers)4,000 candidates
Landscape Architecture (All Tiers)2,750 candidates
Urban Planning (All Tiers)2,500 candidates
Appraiser (All Tiers | 40% for Tier 3)2,250 candidates
Architecture and Parallel Professional Licensing Markets189,247 candidates

¹ Reference: NCARB Unified Membership Agreement with State Boards. ² Reference: NAAB 2024 Tax Form 990 Line 9. ³ Reference: NCARB–Louisiana Board Database Agreement. ⁴ Reference: NCARB 2026 By the Numbers (NBTN). ⁵ Reference: SDO 2024 Tax Form 990. * Discipline market size rounded down intentionally.

Table 1.A.2Market Size and Respondent Market Capture
SegmentCaptureSize
Upstream Tier 3: Students in architecture programs92,059 students
Midstream Tier 4: Licensure candidates39,090 candidates
Downstream Tier 10: Licensed architects123,398 architects
NCARB members100%55 jurisdictions
AIAS members6%5,546 members
AIA members82%101,000 members
NAAB acceptance100%55 jurisdictions
NAAB 2023–2024 cohort34%31,262 students

D. National Council of Architectural Registration Boards (NCARB)

Market Position and Corporate Identity NCARB is a 501(c)(6) private, nonprofit corporation composed of the individual architectural registration boards of the fifty-five (55) U.S. jurisdictions. NCARB holds an un-bid monopoly over the downstream candidate data infrastructure, candidate records (“NCARB Record”), licensure eligibility tracking (“AXP”), and administration of the Architect Registration Examination (ARE).

NCARB functions as the regulatory anchor of a closed-loop sextumvirate of “Collateral Organizations” consisting of the National Architectural Accrediting Board (NAAB), the American Institute of Architects (AIA), the Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture (ACSA), and the American Institute of Architecture Students (AIAS). As evidenced by Schedule R of NAAB’s Form 990 filings and internal governance rosters, these entities maintain formal, interlocking relationships historically housed at the same physical address under tax-exempt status (with NAAB on the 3rd Floor). In 2015, the National Organization of Minority Architects (NOMA) moved into the same co-location as a collateral partner.

Table 2.D.1NAAB 2010 Tax Schedule R Form 990 Related Organizations
OrganizationAddressFunction
NCARB1801 K St NW, Washington, DC 20006Licensing credentials / state board membership
NAAB1735 New York Ave NW, Washington, DC 20006 (3rd floor)Accreditation
AIA1735 New York Ave NW, Washington, DC 20006Trade organization
AIAS1735 New York Ave NW, Washington, DC 20006Student organization
ACSA1735 New York Ave NW, Washington, DC 20006Collegiate organization
NOMA1735 New York Ave NW, Washington, DC 20006Diversity professional organization

NAAB, AIA, AIAS, ACSA, and NOMA share the co-location address, with NAAB on the 3rd floor.

Table 2.D.2NCARB CEO Michael Armstrong Dual Role
OfficePosition
FARBCEO
NCARBCEO
ICCFormer Senior Vice President
Architectural Sextumvirate Hub-Spoke-Rim Structure
Figure 2.D.3Architectural Sextumvirate Hub-Spoke-Rim Structure
Table 2.D.4NCARB 2024 IRS Form 990
Form 990 factSignificance
Gross receipts (Line G): $49,176,551
Mission statement (Part I, Line 1): “NCARB, in collaboration with licensing boards, facilitates the licensure and credentialing of architects…”Direct evidence of a horizontal combination, conspiracy, and concerted action between a private trade association and fifty-five state licensing bodies under Section 1 of the Sherman Act.